ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to map and synthesize evidence on the adequacy of dietary calcium intake and dairy products in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchildren. Data source: Evidence searches were performed in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS; via BVS) databases, with no restriction on date or language of publication. Experimental or observational studies that evaluated healthy Brazilian children between 2 and 12 incomplete years old were included. Data synthesis: A total of 18 studies were included. Seven of 11 studies of 11 studies (63.6%) identified mean values of dietary calcium intake below the age recommendation, especially in schoolchildren, with the progression of the age group. Among preschoolers, studies with direct weighing of food showed higher mean values of dietary calcium ingested compared to those with dietary recall. Children attending public daycare centers on a part-time basis tended to have inadequate calcium intake. The consumption of milk and dairy products was lower among older children, especially schoolchildren. Conclusions: Inadequate dietary calcium intake seems to be prevalent in Brazil during childhood, especially among schoolchildren. Therefore, the evaluation of milk and dairy products intake must be considered in order to desgn appropriate corrective actions.
RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear e sintetizar as evidências sobre a adequação do consumo de cálcio dietético e laticínios em crianças brasileiras pré-escolares e escolares. Fontes de dados: As buscas pelas evidências foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline, via PubMed) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs, via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde — BVS), sem restrição de data ou idioma de publicação. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais ou observacionais que avaliaram crianças brasileiras saudáveis com idade entre dois e 12 anos incompletos. Síntese dos dados: Foram incluídos 18 estudos. Sete de 11 estudos (63,6%) identificaram valores médios da ingesta de cálcio dietético abaixo do recomendado para a idade, principalmente em escolares, com a progressão da faixa etária. Entre os pré-escolares, estudos com pesagem direta dos alimentos apresentaram maiores valores médios de cálcio dietético ingerido comparados aos obtidos com recordatório alimentar. Crianças frequentadoras de creches públicas em regime de meio período tiveram a maior inadequação da ingesta de cálcio. A ingesta de leite e derivados foi menor entre as crianças com idade mais avançada, principalmente em escolares. Conclusões: A inadequação da ingesta de cálcio dietético parece ser prevalente no Brasil, principalmente em escolares. Sendo assim, a avaliação da ingestão de leite e derivados é um ponto a ser observado para a realização de ações corretivas nessa faixa etária.
ABSTRACT
El nivel de satisfacción de la población atendida por los médicos posgradistas de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria cobra importancia por ser el eje fortalecedor del primer nivel de atención complementando la atención primaria de salud. Objetivo: Describir el nivel de satisfacción de la población atendida por los posgradistas de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el Centro de Salud Primavera 2 en el año 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, mediante muestreo aleatorio simple probabilístico se seleccionaron a 350 personas que fueron atendidas. Resultados: El 91,7% de la población expresó que el proceso de atención fue entre excelente y buena, el 89,1% manifestó que la relación médico paciente es satisfactoria, además se encontró que la satisfacción global es muy satisfactorio y medianamente satisfactorio con el 82,9% y el 16% respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las actividades académicas, la falta de medicamentos, la estrechez de los tiempos asignados en la atención y las limitaciones en el proceso de atención ocasionadas por la pandemia de Covid-19, probablemente influyeron en los resultados de insatisfacción de la investigación(AU)
the level of satisfaction of the population attended by postgraduate doctors of Family and Community Medicine becomes important for being the strengthening axis of the first level of care complementing primary health care. Objective: to describe the level of satisfaction of the population served by postgraduate students in Family and Community Medicine in the Primavera 2 Health Center in the year 2021. Materials and Methods: a study was carried out cross-sectional observational study, through probabilistic simple random sampling, they selected 350 people who were attended. Results: 91.7% of the population expressed that the care process was between excellent and good, 89.1% stated that the doctor-patient relationship is satisfactory, it was also found that global satisfaction is very satisfactory and moderately satisfactory with 82.9% and 16% respectively. Conclusions: the academic activities, the lack of medicines, the narrowness of the times assigned in care and the limitations in the care process caused by the pandemic of Covid-19, probably influenced the dissatisfaction results of the investigation(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Satisfaction , Health Personnel , Patient-Centered Care , Primary Health Care , World Health Organization , Family PracticeABSTRACT
RESUMEN La neurotransmisión dopaminérgica interviene en los mecanismos que involucran los procesos motores, cognoscitivos, conductuales y neurocrinos y su mal funcionamiento la involucra en los trastornos neurodegenerativos que afectan al sistema nervioso central (SNC), tales como en la enfermedad de Parkinson y la enfermedad de Huntington, entre otras. Con el propósito de encontrar una solución terapéutica a estas patologías, en publicaciones anteriores hemos reportado la síntesis, la evaluación farmacológica y el estudio teórico computacional de los compuestos análogos mono y dihidroxilados (sobre el anillo indano) del N-aralquil-2-aminoindano 4-8, análogos 4,7-dimetoxi-2-aminoindano-N-aralquil, bajo sus formas metoxiladas sobre el anillo bencénico del fragmento aralquil 9 y el derivado fenólico 10, así como también los análogos diclorados del N-aralquil-2-aminoindano 11 con actividades dopaminérgicas centrales. En el presente trabajo se sintetizaron los clorhidratos del 2-aminoindano- N-[2-(mono o dimetoxi)-fenil)-1-metil-etil] 12-15 y su evaluación farmacológica mostraron respuestas agonísticas como potenciales agentes antihuntington y antipárkinson.
SUMMARY Dopaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in mechanisms that involve motor, cognoscitive, conductual and neurocrine process, and its malfunction involucrates it in neurodegenerative disorders affecting central nervous system (CNS), like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, among others. On the purpose of finding some therapeutic for these pathologies, in previous researches we have reported synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and theoretical computational study of compounds analogues mono or di hydroxilated (on indane ring) of N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 4-8, analogues 4,7-dimethoxy-2-aminoindane-N-aralkyl, under its methoxylated forms on benzene ring of aralkyl fragment 9 and phenolic derivate 10, also dichlorade analogs of N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 11 with central dopaminergic activities. In this work were synthesized hydrochlorides of 2-aminoindane-N-[(mono or di methoxy)-phenyl-1-methyl-ethyl] (12-15) and its pharmacologic evaluation showed agonistic responses as potential agents anti Huntington and/or anti Parkinson.
ABSTRACT
La desregulación de la neurotransmisión dopaminérgica central ha sido relacionada con enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson y la Corea de Huntington. En las últimas décadas son muchos los compuestos con actividad dopaminérgica central que se han diseñado, sintetizado y evaluado farmacológicamente y, a pesar de estos esfuerzos, no se ha logrado obtener un fármaco efectivo capaz de mejorar o curar estas patologías. Con el fin de contribuir en esta búsqueda primordial, en el presente trabajo se describe el diseño, la síntesis y la evaluación farmacológica del derivado de la lilolidina, clorhidrato de 6-(2-aminoindanil)-N-(2,4,5,6-tetrahidro-1H-pirrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolina) 4 (MAIL), con el propósito de restablecer la homeostasis de la transmisión dopaminérgica en la enfermedad de Parkinson y/o la Corea de Huntington. Para ello, se utilizaron las diferentes estrategias nigroesclásicas y heterocíclicas enmarcadas en la síntesis orgánica a través de una ruta convergente. Asimismo, se realizó la evaluación farmacológica preliminar, al determinar el comportamiento estereotipado en ratas Sprague-Dawley cuando les fue administrado el derivado de la lilolidina, por las vías ICV (intracerebroventricular) e IE (intraestriatal). Los resultados obtenidos del compuesto 4 mostraron una acción central como agonista, a través de mecanismos dopaminérgicos.
Central dopaminergic neurotransmission deregulation has been related with neurodegenerative sicknesses, like Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons Chorea. During the last decades, many compounds with dopaminergic activity have been designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated, but despite all these efforts, an effective drug able to improve or cure these pathologies has not been achieved. With the purpose to contribute in this essential search, this work describes the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of the lilolidine derivative, 6-(2-aminoindanyl)-N-(2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline hydrochloride) 4 (MAIL), with the purpose of restoring the homeostasis of dopaminergic transmission in Parkinsons disease and/or Huntingtons Chorea. To perform that, different organic synthesis classic and heterocyclic strategies were employed through a convergent route. Also, a preliminar pharmacological evaluation was done, where the stereotyped behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats was studied after the ICV (intracerebroventricular) and IE (intrastriatum) administration of the lilodine derivative. The results obtained of compound 4 showed a central dopaminergic agonist activity through dopaminergic mechanisms.
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A investigação sobre a essência do empreendedorismo tem ocupado a linha psicológica buscando as particularidades da personalidade com o objetivo de gerar padrões de comportamento comuns destas pessoas. Em uma amostra de 475 estudantes universitários brasileiros da região Amazônica, buscou-se o perfil de personalidade que caracteriza estes empreendedores. Os instrumentos aplicados foram o Inventario de Personalidade NEO PI-R ( Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventary Revised) para medir os cinco grandes fatores da personalidade normal (não patológica) e suas trinta facetas e a Bateria de Escalas de Expectativas Generalizadas de Controle (BEEGC-20) para medir lócus de controle interno, externo, auto-eficácia e expectativa de êxito. Mediante análise de cluster obteve-se três grupos segundo seu grau de empreendedorismo: seguidores, sonhadores e empreendedores. O grupo empreendedor mostrou-se com umas características de personalidade diferentes dos outros grupos. Também diferem nas crenças de lócus de controle, percebendo-se mais auto eficazes. Sendo os empreendedores necessários para assegurar o desenvolvimento econômico, é importante considerar como se pode identifica-los. Este estudo contribui para direcionar esse caminho, assim como sugere um enfoque para a formação dos jovens e dos futuros empreendedores.
Investigating the essence of entrepreneurship is a central topic in psychological studies seeking to understand the differences in personality and behavioral patterns of people who are called entrepreneurs. In a sample of 475 Brazilian university students from the Amazon region, we searched for the personality profile that characterizes entrepreneurs. The measures employed were the NEO PI-R to evaluate the Big Five normal (non-pathological) personality factors and their 30 facets, and the BEEGC-20, a battery to assess locus of control (internal and external) and self-efficacy. Cluster analyses established three groups according their degree of entrepreneurship: followers, dreamers, and entrepreneurs. The entrepreneur group presented some personality characteristics different from the other groups. They also differ in locus of control beliefs, with a greater sense of self-efficacy. As entrepreneurs are needed to ensure economic development, it is important to consider how to identify them. This study offers a way to do this, and also suggests an approach for training young people and future entrepreneurs.
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Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) son patologías que afectan el tracto respiratorio desde la faringe proximal hasta los pulmones, con una evolución de menos de 15 días y constituyen la causa más frecuente de morbimortalidad en el mundo. Con la finalidad de identificar los agentes virales asociados a este tipo de infecciones en pacientes del estado Zulia, Venezuela, entre febrero 2005 y julio de 2006, se estudiaron un total de 102 muestras provenientes del tracto respiratorio (hisopado nasal, faríngeo y/o nasofaríngeo, esputo y lavado broncoalveolar) de pacientes con clínica de IRA. El aislamiento viral se realizó a través del cultivo celular y la identificación del agente patógeno por la técnica de inmunofluorescencia directa. Se obtuvieron 46 muestras positivas (45%), la incidencia estuvo homogéneamente distribuida en todos los grupos de estudio aun cuando se observó predominio en el grupo de 41 a 64 años, seguido de los lactantes. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo. Dentro de los patógenos virales aislados el Virus Sincicial Respiratorio (VSR) fue el agente con mayor frecuencia (32,6%) (p<0,05), seguido de Adenovirus (28,2%), Parainfluenza (23,9%) e Influenza (15,2%). Las infecciones respiratorias del tracto inferior fueron las más frecuentes (67,4%). Se demuestra una alta incidencia de agentes virales asociados a IRA en el estado Zulia. Se destaca la alta frecuencia en pacientes adultos y la mayor positividad para VSR.
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are pathologies that affect the respiratory tract from the proximal pharynx to the lungs, with an evolution of less than 15 days. They constitute the most frequent cause of morbimortality in the world. With the purpose of identifying the viral agents associated to this type of infections in patients of Zulia State, Venezuela, between February 2005 and July 2006, a total of 102 samples of the respiratory tract (oropharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, nasopharyngeal washing, spit and bronchoalveolar lavage) were studied. Viral isolation was made through a cellular culture and the identification of the pathogenic agents by the technique of direct immunofluorescence. Forty six positive samples were obtained (45%). The greater incidence was found in the groups of 41 to 64 years old patients, followed by lactanting babies (1 to 23 months). There were no significant differences between sexes. Within the isolated viral pathogens, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was the agent most frequently found (32.6% p<0.05), followed by Adenovirus (28.2%), Parainfluenza (23.9%) and Influenza (15.2%). The respiratory infections of the low respiratory tract were the most frequent (67.4%). A high incidence of associated viral agents to ARI in Zulia State is demonstrated. A high incidence in adult patients and the greatest positivity was found for RSV.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct/methods , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Virus Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
In Argentina, the incidence of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) has shown a steady increase over the last few decades. In the Chaco biogeographical region, specifically, several outbreaks of ACL were recently reported in addition to the usual time-space scattering of ACL cases. However, little is known about the sandfly composition in the eastern, humid Chaco (HC) region or the western, dry Chaco (DC) region. Therefore, phlebotomine captures were performed throughout this region and an analysis of the distribution of reported ACL cases was conducted in order to assess the vector diversity in ACL endemic and epidemic scenarios in the Chaco region. The results support the hypothesis of two distinct patterns: (1) the DC, where Lutzomyia migonei was the most prevalent species, had isolated ACL cases and a zoonotic cycle; (2) the HC, where Lutzomyia neivai was the most prevalent species, had an increase in ACL incidence and outbreaks and an anthropozoonotic cycle. The epidemic risk in the Chaco region may be associated with the current climate trends, landscape modification, connection with other ACL foci, and Lu. neivai predominance and abundance. Therefore, changes in sandfly population diversity and density in the Chaco region are an indicator of emergent epidemic risk in sentinel capture sites.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/transmission , Psychodidae , Argentina/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology , Population Density , Population Surveillance , SeasonsABSTRACT
O teste de emissões otoacústicas é um exame complementar com diversas aplicações clínicas fundamentais para o diagnóstico audiológico. Objetivo: o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar diferentes parâmetros de relação de níveis sonoros no teste de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção (EOAPD) em indivíduos com e sem perdas auditivas. Método: a pesquisa foi um estudo transversal de inquérito que comparou os registros de EOAPD realizados com diferentes relações do intensidade entre 8O indivíduos (160 orelhas) com audiometria entre O e 20 dBNA (grupo 1) e 89 trabalhadores (135 orelhas) de uma indústria têxtil indivíduos com perda auditiva neurossensorial a partir de 3kHz (grupo 2). Resultados: a prevalência de respostas presentes do teste de EOAPD no Grupo 1 foi de 70 por cento, e não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando comparados os registros com L1=L2=70 dBNPS e L1=65 e L2=55 dBNPS. No Grupo 2, o teste com L1=L2=70 dBNPS indicou um número maior de respostas presentes em todas as freqüências 2, mesmo considerando ser este o grupo com perdas auditivas a partir de 3kHz. A presença de resposta passou a ter diferença estatisticamente significativa a partir de 2,5 kHz (Z=2,117 e p=0,034). Porém, a análise estatística indicou maior correlação (Spearman) das respostas dos testes do EOAPD com os limiares audiométricos no teste com L1=65 e L2=55 dBNPS. Houve correlação também entre a idade, o tempo de exposição a ruído ocupacional e a perda auditiva nas respostas com Ll =65 e L2=55 dBNPS. Conclusão: devido aos resultados na correlação dos testes de EOAPD com as variáveis analisadas, o parâmetro com L1=65 e L2=55 dBNPS mostrou ser o mais indicado, tanto para indivíduos com perdas auditivas, quanto sem perdas auditivas.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Pitch Perception , Acoustic Impedance Tests/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
El contenido mineral de la miel producida en cinco zonas de del estado Zulia, Venezuela , durante las estaciones de sequía y de lluvia, fue determinado. Los elementos analizados en las muestras de miel cruda, recogidas directamente de varios apicultores fueron: sodio, potasio (por espectroscopía de emisión) calcio, magnesio, cobre, hierro, manganeso (por espectroscopía de absorción atómica), fósforo (iones de fosfato, determinado por colorimetría). Los valores promedios para el Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn y P fueron: 353+84; 1774+138; 237+66; 52+24; 0,76+0,43; 13,5+10,23; 0,92+0,42 y 1642+323 mg/kg respectivamente. El contenido promedio de cenizas fue de 0,431+0,15 por ciento. El contenido de potasio fue el mas abundante de los elementos determinados. Estos resultados confirman que las mieles producidas en el estado Zulia pueden ser consideradas una buena fuente de minerales
Subject(s)
Spectrophotometry, Atomic , Honey , Minerals , Nutritional Sciences , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os registros das emissöes otoacústicas-produto de distorçäo - EOAPD, em sujeitos que apresentaram perda auditiva neurossensorial decorrente de exposiçäo a ruído ocupacional